Diabetes mellitus is the common cause of blindness between the ages of 20 and 74.Diabetic retinopathy is classified into two stages: Non-proliferative and Proliferative. Few studies have estimated the relationship between vitamin D levels and incident of micro and macrovascular events in diabetic patients. this results are inconsistent. so, our study aimed to compare the serum levels of vitamin D in a variety of diabetic retinopathy.

In this case-control study diabetic patients with retinopathy were devided into two case groups (64 Non proliferative 64 Proliferative retinopathy) and one control group (64 without retinopathy ).After recording demographic data, the serum level of 25 OH vitamin D and other laboratory parameters were measured. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS-18 statistical software

Median mean and standard deviation of vitamin D were estimated in control group 29.4 .30.24, 13.85 and in NPDR 24, 28.18,14.99 and in PDR group 19.8 23.89 12.36 and this dIfference was significant (P-0.007)This was the only significant difference between the control and PDR group (P-0.002)

This study revealed that vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with the incidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy